The relationship between bullying and social and family conditions has been investigated in recent years; however, few researchers have examined such conditions as risk or protective factors. This study analyzes the differences in family social situation between individuals involved and not involved in bullying, and investigates its relation as risk or protective factors in this dynamic. 2,793 Students from 17 public schools in 8 Brazilian States (53.67% females) from 10 to18 years old (M= 14.53; SD= 2.04), completed a self-evaluation questionnaire about bullying. Data were analyzed by contingence and multivariate analyses. We found that 31.3% pupils were involved in bullying. Those involved are more likely to belong to extended and non bi-parental families. Belonging to a bi-parental family, having fewer siblings, that the father completed elementary education and that the mother was born in the state where the family lives are protective factors against bullying. These results highlight the need to continue research in this line, which will help to reduce the high prevalence of bullying.